Systematic errors occur according to a system. These errors follow a definite pattern. Thus, if an experiment is repeated, under the same conditions, same pattern of systematic errors reoccur. These errors are dependent on the observer, the instrument used, and on the physical environment of the experiment. Any change in one or more of the elements of the system will cause a change in the character of the systematic error. Depending on the value and sign of errors in successive observation, systematic errors are divided into two types.

• Cumulative Error
• Compensating Error

Systematic errors are dealt with mathematically using functional relationships or models.

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