Surveying is defined as the science of making measurements of the earth specifically the surface of the earth. This is being carried out by finding the spatial location (relative / absolute) of points on or near the surface of the earth.

Different methods and instruments are being used to facilitate the work of surveying.

The primary aims of field surveying are :

•  to measure the Horizontal Distance between points.

•  to measure the Vertical elevation between points.

•  to find out the Relative direction of lines by measuring horizontal angles with reference to any arbitrary direction and

•  to find out Absolute direction by measuring horizontal angles with reference to a fixed direction.

These parameters are utilised to find out the relative or absolute coordinates of a point / location.

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