Various equipments used for transportation are –

1. Belt conveyers
2. Tippers
3. Truck
4. Dumpers
5. Graders

Trucks are used for small quality of earthwork which is loaded manually . Tippers generally unload by rear-tipping . Dumper is basically a truck with large size with self unloading mechanisms via hydraulic pump . Conveyers are used in the terrain where transportation is a problem .But it has larger installation cost and generally is used in the place where large quantity of soil has to be hauled . A Grader is a wheel mounted tractor unit used to spread , trim and level soil with very high precision . This is widely used in road construction for leveling and maintaining the grade .

Compaction
After excavated soil has been transported and spread at the desired places , it is compacted to obtain the desired density . the optimum density is obtained on a certain moisture content of the soil . Generally , the right amount of water is mixed before compaction the soil . For different types of soil , different compaction equipments are used . A single equipment is not effective for all types of soil . A roller compacts the –

• Pressure


• Kneading