Module 4: "Surface Thermodynamics"
  Lecture 22: ""
 

 

Example

Consider an electrolyte adsorbing at water air interface. It can be represented as chemical equation as

where represents . Using Gibbs equation we can write

Assuming surface is neutral i.e. equal number of anion and cation at the surface so

(6.6)

 

is mean ionic activity which is practically more easy to measure then and .

      
(6.7)

where is the concentration(amount) of salt put in. Reduction in surface tension depends on how much molecules are adsorbed on the surface.