1. Ion-exchange

In this scheme the electrostatic interaction between solute and matrix is employed.

where, is modulated..

2. Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography (RPLC)

In this method, a hydrophobic solute is passed through a hydrophobic matrix where it is absorbed. In the next stage, it is desorbed by passing a solvent through the packed bed. The solvent is chosen such that the solute is “solvent-philic”

3. Hydrophobic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILC)

Many solutes, like most of the proteins, are hydrophilic and need to be made hydrophobic. This is done by treating them with appropriate compounds. For example, we can add [1 M solution] or ions. ions are much more hydrophobic and if they bind themselves with the solute, the solute itself becomes hydrophobic. These ions decrease the value of  making the solute more monopolar.