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At higher Reynolds number, turbulence is observed. For a wide-range of Reynolds number, plots are available to calculate  for the flow over a flat plate or past a sphere. |
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(Fig. 27b) |
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(Fig. 27c) |
In general, |
 , where  , the drag–coefficient can be read from the plots. Empirical equations are also available. |
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There are several features of fluid flow at high Reynolds number, such as boundary layer separation, eddies, and adverse pressure gradients. These topics and the other related topics such as bluff body, streamline body, Von–Karman Street, etc, are excluded from discussion in this course.
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