Consider the steady-state flow of water though a reducing bend. The water-velocity is uniform at the inlet and outlet cross-section . If the water enters the bend at and is discharged at to the atmosphere, determine the force required to hold the bend in place or the force acting on the bend. Neglect the weight of the bend and water in the bend.
(Fig. 14a)
Choose CV so that CS is perpendicular to the velocity field at the inlet and the outlet. Apply momentum theorem:
reducing bend. The water-velocity is uniform at the inlet and outlet cross-section 
. If the water enters the bend at 
and is discharged at 
to the atmosphere, determine the force required to hold the bend in place or the force acting on the bend. Neglect the weight of the bend and water in the bend. 
