Additional sequencing was done after publication of human genome in 2001 to close gaps, reduce ambiguities. Single error every 10,000 bases in human genome sequencing ensures very high standard of the project. The first aim of Human Genome Project was to determine the location of each gene on 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes and sequence each of the genes. The human genome consist of 4GB (one gigabase =109bases). Amount of information coming out of Human Genome Project was huge. It has been estimated that if all DNA base sequences of Human Genome Project printed on small letters 220000 pages are required.

Issues arising from Human Genome Project

1. This will enable us to ascertain whether fetuses are likely to develop any genetic disorder. Although the gene therapy is infancy and further research is required, but it is possible in future to replace bad genes by good genes. Several ethical issues are related with this.

2. Consider screening in uterus for diseases that do not get noticeable until many years after birth. Should we be screening for Huntington's disease or other diseases in uterus? Is it fair for the parents to make a decision about aborting a fetus because that fetus may have a crippling and develop fatal disease after 45 years of its birth? Do we want the child to acquire this potentially explosive information? How does it affect a person psychology to know that he or she will suffer from this cruel disease sometime later in life?

3. There are many potential liability issues that may arise out of the accessibility of genetic testing. Firstly, physicians who know of the existence of genetic screening and do not offer it to the patient may be legally responsible, just as they would be liable for failing to provide a non genetic diagnostic tool. Secondly, physicians could be accountable for revealing confidential genetic information or for not revealing it. A genetic screening may point out that the patient's siblings are at great risk of some genetic condition. Should they be informed of that risk even though that would be a violation of secrecy? Or if they do not tell the third party, is this a violation of responsibility?